The Science of Pre and Post Workout Nutrition

Most people are aware that nutrient timing is aspresent their most recent findings. This is a much
important as nutrient composition. In other words, it'sfaster way of getting current info than reading
not just what you eat, but when you eat it that givesscientific journals, as it can take many months (even
optimal results. As the man says, "Timing is everything."years!) to publish the work researchers submit for
Consuming the right foods at the right time can havereview and publication.
positive effects on body composition: which meansEach year, I attend various scientific conferences that
more muscle and less body fat.apply to my interests, research, and business. This
Health-conscious people are told to avoid simpleyear I attended the International Society of Sports
carbohydrates, and for good reasons. It's not true allNutrition (ISSN) conference in Las Vegas. The ISSN is
the time and in every situation, however. Following aa relatively new organization and this was their third
heavy workout, there is a metabolic "window" - so toconference to date.*
speak - where the body preferentially shuttles glucoseA session on the role of nutrition in exercise and
into the liver and muscles to replace lost glycogen viarecovery was particularly interesting. One standout
both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependentstudy**, "Effects of protein and carbohydrate on
transport mechanisms. Translated, this means youranabolic responses to resistance training" looked at the
body will shuttle carbs and protein into the tissues youeffects of carbs, creatine, and whey - taken alone and
want (muscle) instead of storing them as fat after ain different combinations - on LBM and/or strength. The
workout.conclusion was that the combination of all three (whey,
To carry the analogy further, the metabolic windowcarbs, and creatine) was the most effective and that
doesn't stay open indefinitely, so you need to takethere appeared to be a true synergism between
advantage of the opportunity while it lasts.these nutrients. This study also confirmed that these
A number of studies have found that a post-workoutnutrients, taken both before and after training, have a
drink containing simple, high-GI carbs and proteingreater effect on lean mass and strength than when
increases protein synthesis dramatically. The two worktaken at other times of the day. I don't think that
synergistically to create an anabolic environment that'scomes as a big surprise to most people "in the know"
superior to either nutrient alone. In addition, some recentabout such things, but it's good to see it confirmed
work suggests that a pre-workout drink may beunder controlled conditions.
superior to a post-workout drink, and consuming bothThe take home lesson is this: if you want to optimize
may be best of all!your nutrition to gain muscle mass and strength, it's vital
Research looking at the issue has gotten a great dealto consume a combination of fast-acting carbs and
of attention in the sports nutrition world. One particularlyprotein during the workout "window."
interesting study, "Timing of amino acid-carbohydrateHere's what I recommend: mix 30-50g of high quality
ingestion alters anabolic response of muscle towhey with 75-100g of high GI carbs (such as glucose,
resistance exercise." (Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabmaltodextrin, etc.,) and 3-5g of creatine monohydrate
2001 Aug;281(2):E197-206), compared the anabolicand drink half immediately before you hit the gym, and
responses to a carbohydrate and amino acidthe other half immediately following your workout.
supplement taken either before or after resistanceTo make it extra simple, I use a pre-made carb drinks
exercise. It's counterintuitive to think taking in these(e.g., TwinLab Ultra Fuel, etc.) and add the whey and
nutrients before the workout is superior tocreatine to that and mix it up. You can "roll your own"
post-workout, but according to this small study:of course by buying various carb powders in bulk. I just
"...results indicate that the response of net musclelike the convenience of the pre-made carb mixtures
protein synthesis to consumption of an EAC solutionmyself.
[carb/amino acid drink] immediately before resistanceAs you can see, I don't use a complicated formula for
exercise is greater than that when the solution isthe amounts of protein, carbs, and creatine to take
consumed after exercise, primarily because of anpre- and post-workout. Why? Because - while
increase in muscle protein synthesis..."focusing on such minutiae would make me look smart
Since this study was published, several researchers- it probably won't have any effects on you. Following
have proposed that providing amino acids/protein andthe K.I.S.S. ("Keep It Simple, Stupid") system works best
carbs both before and after a resistance workouthere. The above formula is more then sufficient to
represents the best of both worlds. This is the premisesupply the nutrients required to take advantage of the
of the book "Nutrient Timing" by John Ivy and Robertmetabolic window. Some people take it a step further
Portman. They present compelling evidence that theby dividing the formula into three parts, to be
right mixture of nutrients, taken at key points in theconsumed before, during and after the workout, but I
muscle growth cycle, will optimize improvements indon't see the need for that either. I doubt there are any
muscle growth, strength, and power, as well asreal benefits to it, but more research is needed there.
enhance recovery from exercise.This isn't a miracle mixture, of course. If your training
Overall, there's a solid body of scientific evidence toand/or nutrition over the rest of the day aren't up to
support using a blend of fast-acting carbs and aminosnuff, this pre- and post-workout drink won't make up
acids/protein for both pre- and post-workout nutrition.for those shortcomings. In conjunction with a good
It's definitely a "hot" topic among sports researchers. It'straining program and diet however, combining pre- and
also a topic that seems to create endless speculationpost-workout nutrition will clearly add to your success.
and conversation with non-scientists looking to get theAnd remember, it's not rocket science, so don't make it
most of their time in the gym. Everyone wants to hearany more complicated then it needs to be.
the latest word, it seems.*I recommend that anyone interested in the topic of
So what's the latest word?sports nutrition - lay person or scientist - should join the
The place to discover cutting edge research on aISSN.*
topic is to attend conferences where researchers**Presented by Dr.