Casio, a Brief History of the Electronic Calculator

Casio has become a household name for pioneeringmake his own calculator.
some of the most useful products such as theWhilst working at Kashio Seisakujo on the sub
all-electronic calculator and the digital watch. Both ofcontract work, Tadoa and Toshio heavily invested
which we take for granted in the 21st century.there evening time developing the calculator. Basic
A young and talented lathe operator apprentice byprototypes were shown to people and the feedback
name of Kashio Tadao began his studies at Wasedareceived helped resolve many problems. This was
Koshu Gakka (now Waseda University) in Tokyo,then iterated back into the prototypes. After a number
Japan. Gaining experience working in a factory (whilstof refined prototypes, Tadoa and Toshio finally
studying) making general everyday items such as pots,developed Japans first electric calculator in 1954.
pans and bicycle generator lamps, Tadao made theHowever, there were complications when the brothers
decision to establish his own business (Kashioapproached the Bunshodo Corporation, a company
Seisakujo) subcontracting making microscope partsspecializing in office supplies. The Bunshodo
and gears in 1946.Corporation criticized the invention, outlining the lack of
Tadoa had a younger brother Toshio, who wasmultiplication functionality. The current calculator could
creatively gifted with extensive electrical knowledge.not do continuos multiplication where the result of an
Tadoa from an early age admired the pioneeringinitial multiplication can be multiplied by another value.
efforts of Edison, who invented the light bulb, andThe brothers went back to design, bringing there two
always told his family that he wanted to become another brothers Kazuo and Yukio to the development
inventor.team. Yukio who was a mechanical engineering
At this time, Tadio was a naturally gifted technician atstudent aided the team by designing the plans and
the Ministry of Communications. He decided to leaveTadoa and Kazuo did the production.
his job at the Ministry of Communications to pursue hisIn 1956, six years of design, development and ironing
dream, the more ability testing and challenging job ofout problems and bugs, the team were close to adding
an inventor. Toshio joined Tadoa at Kashio Seisakujocontinuos multiplication to their innovation. However,
and began utilizing his natural inventiveness, tryingToshio decided to make a big design change that
several innovative ideas. One of which was the ringwould make the calculator completely electronic. The
mounted cigarette holder (Yubiwa Pipe), whichcurrent solenoid solution they had based their original
provided a means of smoking a cigarette down to theidea on was to be swapped out with electronic relays.
nub whilst doing work.This had a number of benefits, one of which made
We must remember that commodities in postwarmass production of the product more feasible. Indeed,
Japan where in short supply. This meant that Toshiothe disadvantage of relays was that they were easily
had a potential market for his new innovation. Tadoasusceptible to fine particles and dust. Computer
manufactured the holder on a lathe and the father ofsystems which use relays, at that time usually took up
the two brothers marketed the product. Orders beganan entire room and had their own air filtering system of
coming in for the pipe and the product was a success.some sort. This presented a whole new problem
The capital created by the Yubiwa Pipe was to bedomain to the project.
invested in a new innovation. Whilst at a businessTo overcome this, the team dramatically reduced the
show held in Ginza, Tokyo, following the success ofnumber of relays required and developed a new type
the Yubiwa Pipe, the brothers spotted a potential gapof relay which was less susceptible to fine particles
in the market for an all-electronic calculator. At thatand dust. A unique interface was also developed
time, most calculators were mechanically employed bywhich had 10 number keys, similar to modern
gears and required manual operation with the use of acalculators we have today. Typical calculators of that
hand crank.time had three screens, two for the input arguments
Moreover, some advanced electronic calculatorsand the final one for the result of the calculation. This
overseas still functioned with the use of an electricwas a revolution in itself. Furthermore, as the user
motor which made noise as the gears rotated atentered the inputs, the screen removed the previous
speed. Toshio's idea was to engineer an all-electronicinput numbers and replaced them with the new inputs
circuit based calculator using a solenoid which wouldentered by the user. The all-electronic calculator was
resolve a lot of the problems that came with theborn.
current mechanically based inventions. He wanted to